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<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div>
<h2 class="title">
<a id="combining-filters"></a>组合过滤器<a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elasticsearch-cn/elasticsearch-definitive-guide/edit/cn/080_Structured_Search/10_compoundfilters.asciidoc">edit</a>
</h2>
</div></div></div>
<p>前面的两个例子都是单个过滤器（filter）的使用方式。 在实际应用中，我们很有可能会过滤多个值或字段。比方说，怎样用 Elasticsearch 来表达下面的 SQL ？</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sql">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sql">SELECT product
FROM   products
WHERE  (price = 20 OR productID = "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3")
  AND  (price != 30)</pre>
</div>
<p>这种情况下，我们需要 <code class="literal">bool</code> （布尔）过滤器。 这是个 <em>复合过滤器（compound filter）</em> ，它可以接受多个其他过滤器作为参数，并将这些过滤器结合成各式各样的布尔（逻辑）组合。</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div>
<h3 class="title">
<a id="bool-filter"></a>布尔过滤器<a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elasticsearch-cn/elasticsearch-definitive-guide/edit/cn/080_Structured_Search/10_compoundfilters.asciidoc">edit</a>
</h3>
</div></div></div>
<p>一个 <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器由三部分组成：</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-js">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-js">{
   "bool" : {
      "must" :     [],
      "should" :   [],
      "must_not" : [],
   }
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="variablelist">
<dl class="variablelist">
<dt>
<span class="term">
<code class="literal">must</code>
</span>
</dt>
<dd>
所有的语句都 <em>必须（must）</em> 匹配，与 <code class="literal">AND</code> 等价。
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="term">
<code class="literal">must_not</code>
</span>
</dt>
<dd>
所有的语句都 <em>不能（must not）</em> 匹配，与 <code class="literal">NOT</code> 等价。
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="term">
<code class="literal">should</code>
</span>
</dt>
<dd>
至少有一个语句要匹配，与 <code class="literal">OR</code> 等价。
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<p>就这么简单！ 当我们需要多个过滤器时，只须将它们置入 <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器的不同部分即可。</p>
<div class="note admon">
<div class="icon"></div>
<div class="admon_content">
<p>一个 <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器的每个部分都是可选的（例如，我们可以只有一个 <code class="literal">must</code> 语句），而且每个部分内部可以只有一个或一组过滤器。</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>用 Elasticsearch 来表示本部分开始处的 SQL 例子，将两个 <code class="literal">term</code> 过滤器置入  <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器的 <code class="literal">should</code> 语句内，再增加一个语句处理 <code class="literal">NOT</code> 非的条件：</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sense">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sense">GET /my_store/products/_search
{
   "query" : {
      "filtered" : { <a id="CO45-1"></a><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i>
         "filter" : {
            "bool" : {
              "should" : [
                 { "term" : {"price" : 20}}, <a id="CO45-2"></a><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i>
                 { "term" : {"productID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"}} <a id="CO45-3"></a><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i>
              ],
              "must_not" : {
                 "term" : {"price" : 30} <a id="CO45-4"></a><i class="conum" data-value="3"></i>
              }
           }
         }
      }
   }
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="sense_widget" data-snippet="snippets/080_Structured_Search/10_Bool_filter.json"></div>
<div class="calloutlist">
<table border="0" summary="Callout list">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO45-1"><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>注意，我们仍然需要一个 <code class="literal">filtered</code> 查询将所有的东西包起来。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO45-2"><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i></a><a href="#CO45-3"></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>在 <code class="literal">should</code> 语句块里面的两个 <code class="literal">term</code> 过滤器与 <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器是父子关系，两个 <code class="literal">term</code> 条件需要匹配其一。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO45-4"><i class="conum" data-value="3"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>如果一个产品的价格是 <code class="literal">30</code> ，那么它会自动被排除，因为它处于 <code class="literal">must_not</code> 语句里面。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>我们搜索的结果返回了 2 个命中结果，两个文档分别匹配了 <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器其中的一个条件：</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-json">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-json">"hits" : [
    {
        "_id" :     "1",
        "_score" :  1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "price" :     10,
          "productID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3" <a id="CO46-1"></a><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i>
        }
    },
    {
        "_id" :     "2",
        "_score" :  1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "price" :     20, <a id="CO46-2"></a><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i>
          "productID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5"
        }
    }
]</pre>
</div>
<div class="calloutlist">
<table border="0" summary="Callout list">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO46-1"><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>与 <code class="literal">term</code> 过滤器中 <code class="literal">productID = "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"</code> 条件匹配</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO46-2"><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>与 <code class="literal">term</code> 过滤器中 <code class="literal">price = 20</code> 条件匹配</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>

<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div>
<h3 class="title">
<a id="_嵌套布尔过滤器"></a>嵌套布尔过滤器<a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elasticsearch-cn/elasticsearch-definitive-guide/edit/cn/080_Structured_Search/10_compoundfilters.asciidoc">edit</a>
</h3>
</div></div></div>
<p>尽管 <code class="literal">bool</code> 是一个复合的过滤器，可以接受多个子过滤器，需要注意的是 <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器本身仍然还只是一个过滤器。  这意味着我们可以将一个 <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器置于其他 <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器内部，这为我们提供了对任意复杂布尔逻辑进行处理的能力。</p>
<p>对于以下这个 SQL 语句：</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sql">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sql">SELECT document
FROM   products
WHERE  productID      = "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5"
  OR (     productID = "JODL-X-1937-#pV7"
       AND price     = 30 )</pre>
</div>
<p>我们将其转换成一组嵌套的 <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器：</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sense">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sense">GET /my_store/products/_search
{
   "query" : {
      "filtered" : {
         "filter" : {
            "bool" : {
              "should" : [
                { "term" : {"productID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5"}}, <a id="CO47-1"></a><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i>
                { "bool" : { <a id="CO47-2"></a><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i>
                  "must" : [
                    { "term" : {"productID" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7"}}, <a id="CO47-3"></a><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i>
                    { "term" : {"price" : 30}} <a id="CO47-4"></a><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i>
                  ]
                }}
              ]
           }
         }
      }
   }
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="sense_widget" data-snippet="snippets/080_Structured_Search/10_Bool_filter.json"></div>
<div class="calloutlist">
<table border="0" summary="Callout list">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO47-1"><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i></a><a href="#CO47-2"></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>因为 <code class="literal">term</code> 和 <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器是兄弟关系，他们都处于外层的布尔逻辑 <code class="literal">should</code> 的内部，返回的命中文档至少须匹配其中一个过滤器的条件。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO47-3"><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i></a><a href="#CO47-4"></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>这两个 <code class="literal">term</code> 语句作为兄弟关系，同时处于 <code class="literal">must</code> 语句之中，所以返回的命中文档要必须都能同时匹配这两个条件。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>得到的结果有两个文档，它们各匹配 <code class="literal">should</code> 语句中的一个条件：</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-json">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-json">"hits" : [
    {
        "_id" :     "2",
        "_score" :  1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "price" :     20,
          "productID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5" <a id="CO48-1"></a><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i>
        }
    },
    {
        "_id" :     "3",
        "_score" :  1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "price" :      30, <a id="CO48-2"></a><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i>
          "productID" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7" <a id="CO48-3"></a><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i>
        }
    }
]</pre>
</div>
<div class="calloutlist">
<table border="0" summary="Callout list">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO48-1"><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>这个 <code class="literal">productID</code> 与外层的 <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器 <code class="literal">should</code> 里的唯一一个 <code class="literal">term</code> 匹配。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO48-2"><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i></a><a href="#CO48-3"></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>这两个字段与嵌套的 <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器 <code class="literal">must</code> 里的两个 <code class="literal">term</code> 匹配。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>这只是个简单的例子，但足以展示布尔过滤器可以用来作为构造复杂逻辑条件的基本构建模块。</p>
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